SPUR
Product and provider description
Target populations
Target condition & treatment
Adherence monitoring
Adherence support
Development and evaluation
Product and provider description
Brand name:
SPUR
SPUR
Full name:
SPUR
SPUR
Brief description:
SPUR allows a full behavioral diagnosis of the patient, determining both their risk of non-adherence and the drivers behind it. It generates textual feedback for the patient to help motivate them to be adherent, as well as textual guidance for healthcare professionals about how best to interact with the patient to encourage adherence. It can be used both by individual healthcare providers and by healthcare institutions, in which case it can track patient behavioral diagnoses over time. It is typically used either directly in clinical applications or in clinical trials to reduce drop out and encourage adherence as well as in observational studies. SPUR can also be used in the context of a broader digital intervention in which case it can drive personalisation of the content and approach for each user.
SPUR allows a full behavioral diagnosis of the patient, determining both their risk of non-adherence and the drivers behind it. It generates textual feedback for the patient to help motivate them to be adherent, as well as textual guidance for healthcare professionals about how best to interact with the patient to encourage adherence. It can be used both by individual healthcare providers and by healthcare institutions, in which case it can track patient behavioral diagnoses over time. It is typically used either directly in clinical applications or in clinical trials to reduce drop out and encourage adherence as well as in observational studies. SPUR can also be used in the context of a broader digital intervention in which case it can drive personalisation of the content and approach for each user.
Technology Readiness Level:
TRL 9: Full commercial application
TRL 9: Full commercial application
Date first available:
2022-01-02
2022-01-02
Date latest update:
2024-03-15
2024-03-15
Current version identifier:
SPUR4Care
SPUR4Care
Types of components:
Software, Service
Software, Service
Is the technology designed to be used as stand-alone or/and as component of a larger solution:
As a component of a larger solution
As a component of a larger solution
Brief description of the integration into a larger solution:
When used as part of a larger solution, SPUR provides feedback to the patient and the HCP but also generates a quantitative diagnostic profile about the patient’s non-adherence risk and the relative importance of 13 behavioral drivers. This diagnosis then drives the personalisation of interventions with the patient, such as choice of behavioral change techniques (BCTs), choice of communications channels, frequency of contact, tone, etc
When used as part of a larger solution, SPUR provides feedback to the patient and the HCP but also generates a quantitative diagnostic profile about the patient’s non-adherence risk and the relative importance of 13 behavioral drivers. This diagnosis then drives the personalisation of interventions with the patient, such as choice of behavioral change techniques (BCTs), choice of communications channels, frequency of contact, tone, etc
Languages:
English, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Other
English, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Other
Countries:
Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Island, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, San Marino, Sweden, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Other
Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Island, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, San Marino, Sweden, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Other
Do any terms and conditions apply?
No information available
No information available
Details terms and conditions:
SPUR is free for unfunded researchers. Otherwise, it is available under license, either as a stand-alone tool or incorporated into a broader platform, in which case Observia retains rights on SPUR IP but allows its use in designated interventions.
SPUR is free for unfunded researchers. Otherwise, it is available under license, either as a stand-alone tool or incorporated into a broader platform, in which case Observia retains rights on SPUR IP but allows its use in designated interventions.
Is the technology free of charge or a fee is required for its use?
Fee required
Fee required
Details costs:
SPUR is a professional tool designed for healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies, and there may be fees associated with its use. Pricing details are typically customized based on the scope of services and integration needs. For academic purposes its use is totally free. For further information on pricing, you can contact Observia directly through their website https://observia-group.com/en
SPUR is a professional tool designed for healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies, and there may be fees associated with its use. Pricing details are typically customized based on the scope of services and integration needs. For academic purposes its use is totally free. For further information on pricing, you can contact Observia directly through their website https://observia-group.com/en
Provider name:
Observia
Observia
Provider type:
Privately-owned or for-profit organisation
Privately-owned or for-profit organisation
Provider domain of activity:
Technology, Healthcare, Research and/or education
Technology, Healthcare, Research and/or education
Please contact the provider at:
+33 1 81 80 24 50 Le Belvédère, 1-7 Cours Valmy, 92800 Puteaux
+33 1 81 80 24 50 Le Belvédère, 1-7 Cours Valmy, 92800 Puteaux
Target populations
Is the MATech intended to be used for self-management?
Yes
Yes
Who interacts with the MATech for self-management?
Patient, Caregiver
Patient, Caregiver
How many interact:
multiple persons/users (e.g. communication between different users possible via the MATech)
multiple persons/users (e.g. communication between different users possible via the MATech)
Patient age group(s) the MATech is suitable for:
Older adults – older than 65 years, Adults – 31 – 65 years old, Young adults – 18 – 30 years old
Older adults – older than 65 years, Adults – 31 – 65 years old, Young adults – 18 – 30 years old
Level of functioning in memory functions the MATech is suitable for:
not applicable
not applicable
Level of functioning in perception functions the MATech is suitable for:
complete impairment
complete impairment
Level of functioning in visual functions the MATech is suitable for:
complete impairment
complete impairment
Level of functioning in auditive functions the MATech is suitable for:
complete impairment
complete impairment
Level of functioning in movement & mobility the MATech is suitable for:
complete impairment
complete impairment
Is the MATech suitable for patients with low literacy (ability to read and write)?
No information available
No information available
Is the MATech suitable for patients with low health literacy (capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services)?
No information available
No information available
Is the MATech suitable for patients with comorbidity?
No information available
No information available
Is the MATech suitable for patients with limited experience with technologies?
No information available
No information available
Is the MATech intended to be used for within an adherence support service?
Yes
Yes
Is the MATech intended to be used by health or social care providers?
No information available
No information available
Is the MATech intended to be used by administrators or health system managers?
No information available
No information available
Target condition & treatment
Target health condition domains for which the MATech is designed:
Blood, Cancer and neoplasms, Cardiovascular, Congenital disorder, Ear, Eye, Infection, Inflammatory and immune system, Injuries and accidents, Mental health, Metabolic and endocrine, Musculoskeletal, Neurological, Oral and gastrointestinal, Renal and urogenital, Reproductive health and childbirth, Respiratory, Skin, Stroke, Generic health relevance
Blood, Cancer and neoplasms, Cardiovascular, Congenital disorder, Ear, Eye, Infection, Inflammatory and immune system, Injuries and accidents, Mental health, Metabolic and endocrine, Musculoskeletal, Neurological, Oral and gastrointestinal, Renal and urogenital, Reproductive health and childbirth, Respiratory, Skin, Stroke, Generic health relevance
The MATech is suitable for medication prescribed:
Therapeutically (Medication is prescribed as treatment of a disease and its associated symptoms)
Therapeutically (Medication is prescribed as treatment of a disease and its associated symptoms)
The MATech is suitable for (treatment duration):
No information available
No information available
The MATech is suitable for (administration form):
Oral forms, Inhalation, Injection (subcutaneous), Infusion (parenteral), Transdermal forms (patches), Topical forms
Oral forms, Inhalation, Injection (subcutaneous), Infusion (parenteral), Transdermal forms (patches), Topical forms
The MATech is suitable for (single/polypharmacy):
Single drug treatments, Polypharmacy (combination therapies)
Single drug treatments, Polypharmacy (combination therapies)
The MATech is suitable for (dosage instructions):
Once-daily doses, Once-per-week doses
Once-daily doses, Once-per-week doses
The MATech is designed to be used for adherence monitoring or intervention:
Monitor/measure medication adherence, Intervene to support medication adherence
Monitor/measure medication adherence, Intervene to support medication adherence
Brief description:
The technology both determines the level and risk of non-adherence as well as provides feedback to patients and HCPs designed to support adherence
The technology both determines the level and risk of non-adherence as well as provides feedback to patients and HCPs designed to support adherence
The MATech is designed to be used in (adherence phases):
Initiation (when the person starts to take the medication prescribed), Implementation (during the period when the person takes the medication prescribed), Discontinuation (when the person stops taking the medication prescribed)
Initiation (when the person starts to take the medication prescribed), Implementation (during the period when the person takes the medication prescribed), Discontinuation (when the person stops taking the medication prescribed)
Adherence monitoring
Methods used by the MATech to measure adherence:
Self-report
Self-report
Behavioral aspects targeted by the MATech measurement component:
determinants of behaviour, behaviour itself
determinants of behaviour, behaviour itself
Behaviors targeted by the MATech measurement component:
medication adherence
medication adherence
Outcomes targeted by the MATech measurement component:
No information available
No information available
Adherence support
Modes of delivering adherence support used in the technology:
Human interaction, Electronic
Human interaction, Electronic
Printed material formats used:
No information available
No information available
Human interaction formats used:
Face-to-face consultations, Other
Face-to-face consultations, Other
Electronic formats used:
Use of a smartphone or tablet
Use of a smartphone or tablet
Smartphone/tablet formats used:
app (application)
app (application)
App features included:
it is interactive
it is interactive
Wearable device formats used:
No information available
No information available
Digital media formats used:
No information available
No information available
Behaviour change content of the intervention (e.g. what adherence barriers and facilitators are targeted, what behaviour change techniques it includes):
The intervention provides tailored feedback to the patient on the basis of their detailed behavioral profile. This feedback is generated by an engine that takes into account a number of established psychological principles designed to nudge the patient’s behavior given their drivers. It also generates guidance for healthcare professionals to indicate the best way to interact with the patient to nudge their behavior.
The intervention provides tailored feedback to the patient on the basis of their detailed behavioral profile. This feedback is generated by an engine that takes into account a number of established psychological principles designed to nudge the patient’s behavior given their drivers. It also generates guidance for healthcare professionals to indicate the best way to interact with the patient to nudge their behavior.
Types of intervention providers involved (i.e. persons using the technology to support patients manage adherence):
Medical doctor (Generalist medical practitioner, Specialist medical practitioner), Nursing professional, Pharmacist (Community pharmacist, Hospital pharmacist), Associated health professional (Community healthcare worker, Healthcare assistant), Psychologist, Personal care worker
Medical doctor (Generalist medical practitioner, Specialist medical practitioner), Nursing professional, Pharmacist (Community pharmacist, Hospital pharmacist), Associated health professional (Community healthcare worker, Healthcare assistant), Psychologist, Personal care worker
Types of intervention setting (i.e. where the technology is designed to be used for supporting adherence):
Household residence, Doctor-led primary care facility, Care home facility, Hospice facility, Pharmacy facility, Psychiatric facility, Community healthcare facility, Educational facility, Social centre or Community Hall facility
Household residence, Doctor-led primary care facility, Care home facility, Hospice facility, Pharmacy facility, Psychiatric facility, Community healthcare facility, Educational facility, Social centre or Community Hall facility
Telehealth environments applicable:
Telemedicine, Telepharmacy
Telemedicine, Telepharmacy
Development and evaluation
Brief description of how the technology has been developed and evaluated (e.g. transparency, theory and evidence base, context compatibility, co-creation, scientific evaluation, etc.):
The SPUR (Social, Psychological, Usage, Rational) tool was developed by Observia as a comprehensive solution to address medication adherence challenges, particularly in chronic diseases. The development process involved multiple steps: • Initial Framework: SPUR was conceptualized based on a literature review and the collaboration of experts to capture the complexity of factors influencing adherence. It was structured around four key drivers of patient behavior: social influences, psychographic factors, usage patterns, and rational decision-making. • Validation: The tool underwent several rounds of validation, including testing in various patient populations with chronic conditions like Type 2 diabetes, COPD, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis and breast cancer . It was also validated across different cultural settings (e.g., France, U.S., China) to ensure its applicability globally. Multiple studies have demonstrated SPUR’s effectiveness in predicting non-adherence risks by correlating it with existing adherence measures like MARS, BMQ, and MMAS-8 as well as clinical outcomes and medication possession ratios. • Versions and Updates: The original 45-item version of SPUR was refined into a 6/24-item version to streamline its use without losing predictive power. This version dynamically presents between 6 and 24 items to subjects, depending on their initial responses. The most recent version was validated in 2022, improving its usability in clinical and digital environments. Key publications supporting the development and evaluation of SPUR include: • Dolgin, K. (2020). The SPUR Model: A Framework for Considering Patient Behavior. Patient Preference and Adherence, 14, 97–105. https://www.dovepress.com/the-spur-model-a-framework-forconsidering-patient-behavior-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PPA • Tugaut, B., Shah, S., Dolgin, K. et al. Development of the SPUR tool: a profiling instrument for patient treatment behavior. J Patient Rep Outcomes 6, 61 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00470-x • de Bock, E., et al. (2022). Finalization and Validation of Questionnaire and Algorithm of SPUR, a New Adherence Profiling Tool. Patient Preference and Adherence, 16, 1213–1231. https:// www.dovepress.com/finalization-and-validation-of-questionnaire-and-algorithm-of-spur-a-n-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PPA
The SPUR (Social, Psychological, Usage, Rational) tool was developed by Observia as a comprehensive solution to address medication adherence challenges, particularly in chronic diseases. The development process involved multiple steps: • Initial Framework: SPUR was conceptualized based on a literature review and the collaboration of experts to capture the complexity of factors influencing adherence. It was structured around four key drivers of patient behavior: social influences, psychographic factors, usage patterns, and rational decision-making. • Validation: The tool underwent several rounds of validation, including testing in various patient populations with chronic conditions like Type 2 diabetes, COPD, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis and breast cancer . It was also validated across different cultural settings (e.g., France, U.S., China) to ensure its applicability globally. Multiple studies have demonstrated SPUR’s effectiveness in predicting non-adherence risks by correlating it with existing adherence measures like MARS, BMQ, and MMAS-8 as well as clinical outcomes and medication possession ratios. • Versions and Updates: The original 45-item version of SPUR was refined into a 6/24-item version to streamline its use without losing predictive power. This version dynamically presents between 6 and 24 items to subjects, depending on their initial responses. The most recent version was validated in 2022, improving its usability in clinical and digital environments. Key publications supporting the development and evaluation of SPUR include: • Dolgin, K. (2020). The SPUR Model: A Framework for Considering Patient Behavior. Patient Preference and Adherence, 14, 97–105. https://www.dovepress.com/the-spur-model-a-framework-forconsidering-patient-behavior-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PPA • Tugaut, B., Shah, S., Dolgin, K. et al. Development of the SPUR tool: a profiling instrument for patient treatment behavior. J Patient Rep Outcomes 6, 61 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00470-x • de Bock, E., et al. (2022). Finalization and Validation of Questionnaire and Algorithm of SPUR, a New Adherence Profiling Tool. Patient Preference and Adherence, 16, 1213–1231. https:// www.dovepress.com/finalization-and-validation-of-questionnaire-and-algorithm-of-spur-a-n-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PPA
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